Fraud and identity theft (although this increasingly uses malware, hacking or phishing, making it an example of "computer as target" as well as "computer as tool").Ĭrimes that use computer networks or devices to advance other ends include: Criminals have simply been given a tool that increases their pool of potential victims and makes them all the harder to trace and apprehend. These are the types of crimes which have existed for centuries in the offline world. These crimes, which typically exploit human weaknesses, usually do not require much technical expertise. When an individual is the target of cybercrime, the computer is often the tool rather than the target. Main articles: Internet fraud, Spamming, Phishing, and Carding (fraud) An example of cybersex trafficking is the 2018–2020 Nth room case in South Korea. This number includes about 1.7 million child victims. There are an estimated 6.3 million victims of cybersex trafficking, according to a recent report by the International Labour Organization. New legislation and police procedures are needed to combat this type of cybercrime. Millions of reports of cybersex incidents are sent to authorities annually. They use online payment systems and cryptocurrencies to hide their identities. Perpetrators use social media networks, video conferences, dating pages, online chat rooms, apps, dark web sites, and other platforms. The dens can be in any location where the cybersex traffickers have a computer, tablet, or phone with an internet connection. Victims are abducted, threatened, or deceived and transferred to "cybersex dens". Ransomware Ĭybersex trafficking is the transportation of victims for such purposes as coerced prostitution or the live streaming of coerced sexual acts or rape on webcam. An example of cyberextortion was the Sony Hack of 2014. However, other cyberextortion techniques exist, such as doxing and bug poaching. Perpetrators often use a distributed denial-of-service attack. More than 20 cases are reported each month to the FBI, and many go unreported in order to keep the victim's name out of the public domain. According to the FBI, cyberextortionists are increasingly attacking corporate websites and networks, crippling their ability to operate, and demanding payments to restore their service. Cyberextortionists demand money in return for promising to stop the attacks and provide "protection". Cyberextortion Ĭyberextortion occurs when a website, e-mail server, or computer system is subjected to or threatened with attacks by malicious hackers, often through denial-of-service attacks. In the United States there is an increasing concern from agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). Government officials and information technology (IT) security specialists have documented a significant increase in network problems and server scams since early 2001. Acts of disruption of computer networks and personal computers through viruses, worms, phishing, malicious software, hardware, or programming scripts can all be forms of cyberterrorism. The term cyberterrorism refers to acts of terrorism committed through the use of cyberspace or computer resources. There are also many privacy concerns surrounding cybercrime when confidential information is intercepted or disclosed, legally or otherwise.Ĭomputer crime encompasses a broad range of activities, including computer fraud, financial crimes, scams, cybersex trafficking, and ad-fraud. The World Economic Forum 2020 Global Risk Report confirmed that organized cybercrime groups are joining forces to commit criminal activities online, while estimating the likelihood of their detection and prosecution to be less than 1 percent in the US. In 2018, a study by the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), in partnership with McAfee, concluded that nearly 1 percent of global gross domestic product (GDP), close to $600 billion, is lost to cybercrime each year. Approximately $1.5 billion was lost in 2012 to online credit and debit card fraud in the US. Ī 2014 report sponsored by McAfee estimated that cybercrime had resulted in $445 billion USD in annual damage to the global economy. Warren Buffett has said that cybercrime is the "number one problem with mankind" and that it "poses real risks to humanity". Cybercrimes crossing international borders and involving the actions of at least one nation-state are sometimes referred to as cyberwarfare. Internationally, both state and non-state actors engage in cybercrimes, including espionage, financial theft, and other cross-border crimes. Cybercrime may harm someone's security or finances. The computer may have been used in committing the crime, or it may be the target. Cybercrime is a type of crime involving a computer or a computer network.
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